The first capital was established in the 4th century BC. Founded by the grandfather of king Devanampiyatissa, and was to remain the Singhalese capital for another 1,400 years. It was only after the arrival of Buddhism in 247 BC and the construction of dagobas, temples, monasteries and palaces by succeeding monarch that it really came into its own as the centre of a highly developed civilization.

In its heyday, the walls of the city measured 80 kilometres in circumference, encompassing an area greater than London and there were large suburban areas outside the gates. Due largely to Sri Lanka's archaeological department, the monuments that remain can still afford us a glimpse of the glory that was Anuradhapura. The vastness of the ruins, in fact, can have an intimidating effect on the casual visitor.

There is so much to see amidst all the marvels of ancient art and architecture, the sacred BO tree stands like a solitary sentinel the oldest historically authenticated tree in the world, five iron crutches support its one remaining branch. In 1966 a golden railing was built along the edges of the platform on which it grows.

Elephant guardians, Ruvanvelisaya Dagoba, Anuradhapura

Anuradhapura survived as the Singhalese capital for almost a millennium and a half but was eventually abandoned. The capital was moved to Polonnaruwa, further east but even today Anuradhapura remains a royal and sacred city and an essential destination on any tourists itinerary for here the visitor is surrounded by centuries of Singhalese history.